Present Continuous Tense dibentuk menggunakan:
TO BE (is, am, are) + VERB BENTUK ING
Penggunaan Present Continuous :
- Digunakan untuk pekerjaan atau tindakan yang sedang terjadi pada saat berbicara.
- Digunakan untuk kegiatan yang lebih lama yang terjadi bukan pada saat bicara. Keterangan waktunya biasanya today, this week, this month, this year.
- Digunakan untuk kegiatan yang sudah diskedul/dijadwalkan akan terjadi. Misalnya Anda telah membeli tiket dan besok pagi berangkat menggunakan pesawat.
- Digunakan untuk kegiatan yang segera akan dilakukan.
- Digunakan untuk menyatakan keluhan karena tindakan itu sering kali terjadi berulang-ulang.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh di bawah ini:
- Lutfi is working on his computer now.
- I am writing a letter to a friend.
- Are you traveling in Bali now?
- Lutfi and Fitri are flying to Bangkok tomorrow morning. ( present continuous di sini digunakan karena Lutfi dan Fitri telah membeli tiket.)
- Susan is having a birthday party next week. (Kartu undangan sudah dibuat dan telah dibagikan kepada semua temannya)
- I am still studying to become a doctor. (Pada saat bicara mungkin ia sedang minum kopi.)
- Are you working on the project? (yang ditanya mungkin sedang melakukan hal yang lain, misalnya ia sedang makan siang.)
- Judy is visiting her daughter this weekend.
- I hate Peter. He is always coming very late. (menyatakan keluhan karena Peter sering datang terlambat)
- You are always talking about him! (juga menyatakan kejengkelan karena Anda selalu membicarakan tentang dia.)
Contoh penggunaan Present Continuous Tense dalam percakapan:
Conversation 1:
Zaky : I am flying to Lampung tomorrow at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. I am going with Garuda.
Mira : Have a nice flight, Zak. Don't forget to bring something from Lampung, will you?
Zaky : Well, I hope I don't forget that. In Lampung, I am also being taken to several places of interest like Moetoen beach and Tanjung Setia beach in West Lampung.
Zaky : Let me tell you one more thing. I am staying in Sheraton Hotel there.
Conversation 2:
David dan Ronald adalah teman baik. Saat ini mereka sedang berada di restoran menikmati makan siang bersama. Berikut adalah percakapan mereka.
David: Are you still working on the project?
Ronald: Yes. I am now finishing the last part. What about you? Are you still teaching at University of Ulun Lampung?
David: Not anymore. The contract is over. Now, I am giving private classes.
Perhatikan kegiatan tidak sedang terjadi pada saat bicara. Pada saat bicara mereka sedang makan siang bersama.
Saat ini pagi hari. Tono dan Linda sedang olahraga bersama di taman. Sambil jogging mereka bercakap-cakap sbb:
Tono: Are you doing anything this evening?
Linda: I am visiting my parents in the village. They are picking me up at the train station. Then we are having dinner at my dad’s favourite restaurant near the station.
Kesimpulan:
Present Continuous Tense tidak selalu digunakan untuk kegiatan yang sedang terjadi pada saat bicara atau dilaporkan.
Now please make your own sentences and make comments on this. We will discuss it together.
FORM : WAS/WERE + VERB+ING
Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu tindakan atau kejadian sedang terjadi di masa lampau. Examples :
1) I was eating my dinner when you called me night.
2) At 10 o'clock yesterday morning, he was repairing his bike.
3) What were you doing when it rained hard last night?.
4) I was walking in the street when I suddenly fell over.
5) My mom was cooking when you came here.
PRACTICE:
Gunakan bentuk kata kerja yang benar.
- I (drive) home when suddenly it (rain) hard.
- I (not hear) clearly what they (talk) about.
- I (hear) someone (knock) the door last night. So I (peep) through the window to (know) who (knock) the door.
- We (watch) TV when we (feel) the shake.
Past Continuous Tense sering digunakan dengan Simple Past Tense.
Contoh:
- When the phone rang, I was still cooking in the kitchen.
- Were you eating your dinner when Sally visited you?
- I think I was preparing my work when you arrived at my house last night.
- Everyone was talking in the varanda, when suddenly a group of bikers showed up.
Percakapan menggunakan Past Continuous Tense dan Simple past.
Lutfi : Hi Fitri. I phoned you last night but you didn't pick up the phone. What were you doing at that time?
Fitri : I am very sorry. I didn't hear it. My phone was in silent mode. I think I was still chatting outside with my neigbor when you rang me up. Did you try to call me again?
Lutfi : No, I didn't. I didn't think it was important. So, I came out to buy something to eat in a nearby small shop. I came across Zaky at the shop. He was doing a big shopping.
Fitri : Zaky? Was he alone or with his wife? Last weekend he and his wife paid me a visit. When they arrived at my home, I was making lots of cakes.
Lutfi : Last weekend at 10 o'clock in the morning, I was finishing my report. I didn't go anywhere. It was so long a report that it took up the whole day to complete.
Present Perfect Continuous dibentuk dengan kata kerja bantu HAVE/HAS+BEEN+VERB dalam bentuk ING. Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang telah dan masih dilakukan pada saat berbicara. Misalnya, Anda dari pagi bekerja di kebun dan sampai saat ini (misalnya siang) Anda masih melakukan pekerjaan tersebut di kebun.
Penekanan pada Present Perfect Continuous Tense adalah pada "proses", yaitu bahwa pekerjaan atau tindakan masih berlangsung pada saat dilaporkan.
Contoh:
- Suzan has been cooking for 2 hours. (Pada saat bicara, Susan masih memasak. Artinya "cooking" nya belum selesai.)
- I've been waiting for you since this morning, you see. (Pada saat bicara masih menunggu)
- It's been raining hard for over one hour. (Pada saat bicara hujan masih turun)
- The mad man has been standing on the pavement, laughing to himself.
Perhatikan! kata-kata yang tertulis tebal adalah bentuk kata kerja dan kata kerja bantunya.
Sempurnakanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut menjadi Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
- She (eat) her foods since you came.
- We (stay) at the bus station for hours.
- Those women (talk) about the salary rise since this morning.
- What you (do) so far?
- When the fire brigade came, the fire (burn) for more than two hours.
- Fitri and Lutfi (prepare) audit reports.
- Icay (sit) there fishing.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense dibentuk dengan menggunakan HAD + BEEN + ING FORM:
- HAD BEEN WORKING
- HAD BEEN COOKING
- HAD BEEN WAITING
- HAD BEEN DRIVING
- HAD BEEN TEACHING
dan seterusnya.
Kalimat negatif nya adalah dengan menambahkan NOT setelah HAD. Contoh: Had not been working atau hadn't been working. Contoh-contoh kalimat negatif nya.
Bagaimana menggunakan Past Perfect Continous Tense ini? Baiklah, mari kita bahas.
Jika kita menceritakan 2 kegiatan di masa lampau di mana salah satu kegiatan telah terjadi dan masih berlangsung sebelum kegiatan yang kedua dimulai.
Contoh: Ketika Anda menelpon saya, saya telah menunggu Anda di ruang tamu. Artinya kegiatan menunggu tersebut masih berlangsung ketika telepon berdering.
- I had been waiting for you when you phoned me
- When the accident happened, the children had been playing in the garden for two hours.
- What had you been doing when the police came to catch you?
Contoh-contoh kalimat lain agar memudahkan pemahaman Anda tentang tenses ini:
- Fitri had been working in this office for 3 years when she gave birth to her first baby.
- How long had you been living in London when I came to study there?
- My daughters got mad because they had been sitting there for almost an hour when their mother arrived.
- They had been studying for half an hour when it suddenly rained hard.
- Lutfi had been watching TV for two hours when Fitri came to visit him.
- What had you been doing when I knocked the door yesterday morning?
- She had been jogging for over an hour when I saw her.
Dalam percakapan HAD sering disingkat menjadi 'D:
- She'd been working.......
- He'd been watching.....
- I'd been jogging........
- They'd been waiting........
- We'd been discussing..........
- You'd been talking........
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE juga digunakan sebagai penyebab kondisi atau kejadian di masa lampau.
Contoh:
- There were puddles on the road. It had been raining. Pas Perfect Continuous tense dalam kalimat ini digunakan.
VERB IN “ING” FORM UNTUK FUNGSI LAINNYA
Tata bahasa sangat penting dalam bahasa Inggris apalagi jika Anda senang menulis artikel atau siapa saja yang ingin memperdalam kemampuan menulisnya dalam bahasa Inggris. Salah satu point grammar yang Anda harus kuasa dengan benar adalah penggunaan bentuk ING kata kerja.
Bentuk ING kata kerja sangat penting untuk Anda kuasai khususnya jika pekerjaan Anda ada hubungannya dengan tulis menulis dalam bahasa Inggris. Menulis adalah komunikasi tertulis. Jika komunikasi tertulis Anda sangat terstruktur dengan tata bahasa yang baik dan terdiri dari kata-kata yang sesuai, maka karya tulis Anda akan banyak diminati oleh pembaca. Setidak-tidaknya mereka suka membacanya. Bentuk ING adalah salah satu aspek penting dalam tata bahasa Inggris.
Fungsi dan Kegunaan Bentuk ING
Bagaimana kita bisa menggunakan bentuk ING dalam bahasa Inggris?
Untuk ini silahkah kunjungi pelajaran tentang GERUND.
ING form of the verbs digunakan sebagai present participles
Present participle dapat digunakan sebagai noun modifiers (penjelas kata benda). Posisinya di depan kata benda yang diterangkan.
- It is a very interesting story.(“interesting” adalah present participle yang berfungsi sebagai noun modifier).
- Look at that burning wood. (“burning “ adalah present participle)
Present participles yang digunakan sebagai noun modifier juga bisa menunjukkan kegunaan benda yang diterangkan.
- Use a walking stick to walk in the dark. (It is a stick for walking)
- Go to the waiting room, please. (The room is for waiting)
- I need a good fishing rod. (The rod is for fishing)
Present Participle digunakan pada Present Continuous tense
- Jane is cooking in the kitchen.(cooking = sedang masak)
- They are working in the garden.(working = sedang bekerja)
- She is reading a book. (reading = sedang membaca)
Present Continuous Tense juga bisa dipakai untuk menyatakan rencana yang sudah diatur. Misalnya jika berpergian, Anda telah membeli tiketnya.
Perhatikan contoh dalam kalimat berikut:
- I am flying with Lion Air first thing in the morning tomorrow. (Ini berarti tiket pesawat sudah dibeli atau dipesan).
- Lutfi and Fitri are getting married next week. (Undangan pesat sudah disebar).
Present Participles juga digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa pekerjaan atau action kedua terjadi pada saat yang sama dengan tindakan pertama.
Perhatikan dengan baik contoh-contoh berikut:
- He read his book drinking a cup of coffee. (Dia membaca buku sambil minum kopi)
- My mom came home carrying a big bag on her back.(Ibu pulang sambil membawa tas besar di punggung nya).
- The teacher stood up in front of the classroom explaining the lesson. (Guru berdiri di depan kelas sambil menjelaskan pelajaran).
Pekerjaan yang kedua sebagai akibat dari pekerjaan/action pertama.
Contoh:
- The plane crashed on the mountain killing all passengers on it.(Pesawat itu menabrak gunung, menewaskan semua penumpang.......).
- She fell over the bike bruising her knees and hands.(Ia jatuh dari sepeda sehingga luka pada lutut dan tangannya).
- The bomb exploded wounding the people around.(Bom meledak sehingga melukai orang-orang di sekitar.
Demikian antara lain penggunaan ING form yang berfungsi sebagai Present Participles. Mudah-mudahan bermanfaat.
BENTUK ING KATA KERJA SETELAH UNGKAPAN TERTENTU:
Perhatikan bentuk ING kata kerja digunakan setelah ungkapan-ungkapan berikut:
- They have (some) problems getting their visas extended. [Mereka mendapat masalah dalam memperpanjang visa.]
- We had a difficult time biking down the slope. [Kami mengalami kesulitan menuruni lereng dengan sepeda.]..kesulitannya mungkin membutuhkan keahlian menuruni tebing
- Although they had a hard time finishing the game, they won it. [Walaupun mereka bekerja keras menyelesaikan pertandingan, mereka memenangkan pertandingan itu.]
- You will have a good time swimming there. [Kamu akan senang berenang di sana]
- Don’t worry. You will have an easy time selling your old stuffs. [Jangan khawatir. Anda akan mudah menjual barang-barang tua mu.]
- Did you have difficulty translating the text? [Sulit menterjemahkan text ini?]. Sulit mungkin karena kemampuannya terbatas.
- The children had fun running along the beach. [Anak-anak itu bergembira berlari di sepanjang pantai.]
- She will have no difficulty working here with you. She has the necessary skill to do the job.[ Dia tidak akan mengalami kesulitan bekerja di sini dengan Anda. Ia memiliki skill untuk melakukan pekerjaan.
- Don’t waste your time doing nothing. [Jangan habiskan waktu Anda tidak melakukan apa-apa.]
- During the holiday, I think I am going to spend my time visiting historical places and swimming on Kuta beach. [Selama liburan, saya rasa, saya akan menghabiskan waktu saya mengunjungi tempat-tempat sejarah dan berenang di pantai Kuta.]